How to add pagination to a Spring Boot app

Providing pagination for displaying large set of data will improve user experience and reduce the response time. Spring Boot comes with out-of-the-box solution for handling pagination, so let’s check how to implement it in an example application.

What we are going to build

In our example API we want to fetch time travellers on the "/api/timetravellers" endpoint, but because the list can be elongated, we need to paginate the results.

We are working with:

the TimeTraveller entity with id and name properties,
TimeTravellerRepository,
TimeTravellerService for fetching data,
TimeTravellerController for providing the endpoint.

Requirements

The following fragment of the pom.xml file shows dependencies used in the project:

// pom.xml
…
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
…

// pom.xml

…

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>

<scope>runtime</scope>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

…

Enable pagination

To allow paginating requested data we have to make sure that TimeTravellerRepository extends the PagingAndSortingRepository interface:

//TimeTravellerRepository.java
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;

public interface TimeTravellerRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<TimeTraveller, Long> {
}

//TimeTravellerRepository.java

import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;

public interface TimeTravellerRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<TimeTraveller, Long> {

}

Now the TimeTravellerService method can accept Pageable instance as an argument and simply pass it when calling findAll() method on the repository:

//TimeTravellerService.java
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
…
@Service
public class TimeTravellerService {
    private TimeTravellerRepository travellerRepository;

    public TimeTravellerService(TimeTravellerRepository travellerRepository) {
        this.travellerRepository = travellerRepository;
    }
…
    public Page<TimeTraveller> getTimeTravellers(Pageable pageable) {
        return travellerRepository.findAll(pageable);
    }
…

//TimeTravellerService.java

import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;

import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

…

@Service

public class TimeTravellerService {

private TimeTravellerRepository travellerRepository;

public TimeTravellerService(TimeTravellerRepository travellerRepository) {

this.travellerRepository = travellerRepository;

}

…

public Page<TimeTraveller> getTimeTravellers(Pageable pageable) {

return travellerRepository.findAll(pageable);

}

…

Check out the simple example test for this functionality in TimeTravellerServiceTest:

// TimeTravellerServiceTest.java
…
import in.keepgrowing.eternityproject.TimeTraveller;
import in.keepgrowing.eternityproject.TimeTravellerRepository;
import in.keepgrowing.eternityproject.TimeTravellerService;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.data.domain.*;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class TimeTravellerServiceTest {
    @Mock
    private TimeTravellerRepository travellerRepository;
    private TimeTravellerService travellerService;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        travellerService = new TimeTravellerService(travellerRepository);
    }
…
    @Test
    public void getsPagedTimeTravellers() {
        int pageNumber = 0;
        int pageSize = 1;
        Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(pageNumber, pageSize);
        TimeTraveller traveller = new TimeTraveller("James Cole");
        Page<TimeTraveller> travellerPage = new PageImpl<>(Collections.singletonList(traveller));
        when(timeTravellerRepository.findAll(pageable)).thenReturn(travellerPage);
        Page<TimeTraveller> travellers = timeTravellerRepository.findAll(pageable);
        assertEquals(travellers.getNumberOfElements(), 1);
    }

// TimeTravellerServiceTest.java

…

import in.keepgrowing.eternityproject.TimeTraveller;

import in.keepgrowing.eternityproject.TimeTravellerRepository;

import in.keepgrowing.eternityproject.TimeTravellerService;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.mockito.Mock;

import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;

import org.springframework.data.domain.*;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)

public class TimeTravellerServiceTest {

@Mock

private TimeTravellerRepository travellerRepository;

private TimeTravellerService travellerService;

@Before

public void setUp() {

travellerService = new TimeTravellerService(travellerRepository);

}

…

@Test

public void getsPagedTimeTravellers() {

int pageNumber = 0;

int pageSize = 1;

Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(pageNumber, pageSize);

TimeTraveller traveller = new TimeTraveller("James Cole");

Page<TimeTraveller> travellerPage = new PageImpl<>(Collections.singletonList(traveller));

when(timeTravellerRepository.findAll(pageable)).thenReturn(travellerPage);

Page<TimeTraveller> travellers = timeTravellerRepository.findAll(pageable);

assertEquals(travellers.getNumberOfElements(), 1);

}

Get paginated results

We are going to handle the following request:

http://localhost:8080/api/timetravellers?page=0&size=5&sort=id,asc

1	http://localhost:8080/api/timetravellers?page=0&size=5&sort=id,asc

The controller endpoint looks straightforward:

//TimeTravellerController.java
…
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("api/timetravellers")
public class TimeTravellerController {
…
    @GetMapping
    public Page<TimeTraveller> getTimeTravellers(Pageable pageable) {
        return timeTravellerService.getTimeTravellers(pageable);
    }
…

//TimeTravellerController.java

…

import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;

import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;

@RestController

@RequestMapping("api/timetravellers")

public class TimeTravellerController {

…

@GetMapping

public Page<TimeTraveller> getTimeTravellers(Pageable pageable) {

return timeTravellerService.getTimeTravellers(pageable);

}

…

And below you can find the complementary test for the controller endpoint:

//TimeTravellerControllerTest
…
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageImpl;
import org.springframework.data.web.config.EnableSpringDataWebSupport;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(TimeTravellerController.class)
@EnableSpringDataWebSupport
public class TimeTravellerControllerTest {

    private final String apiPath = "/api/timetravellers";
    @MockBean
    private TimeTravellerService travellerService;
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;
    private JacksonTester<TimeTraveller> travellerJacksonTester;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        JacksonTester.initFields(this, new ObjectMapper());
    }

    @Test
    public void getsTimeTravellers() throws Exception {
        TimeTraveller traveller = new TimeTraveller("James Cole");
        Page<TimeTraveller> page = new PageImpl<>(Collections.singletonList(traveller));
        given(projectService.getTimeTravellers(any())).willReturn(page);

        mvc.perform(get(apiPath)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.content[0].name", is(traveller.getName())));
    }
…

//TimeTravellerControllerTest

…

import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;

import org.springframework.data.domain.PageImpl;

import org.springframework.data.web.config.EnableSpringDataWebSupport;

import org.springframework.http.MediaType;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;

import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@WebMvcTest(TimeTravellerController.class)

@EnableSpringDataWebSupport

public class TimeTravellerControllerTest {

private final String apiPath = "/api/timetravellers";

@MockBean

private TimeTravellerService travellerService;

@Autowired

private MockMvc mvc;

private JacksonTester<TimeTraveller> travellerJacksonTester;

@Before

public void setUp() {

JacksonTester.initFields(this, new ObjectMapper());

}

@Test

public void getsTimeTravellers() throws Exception {

TimeTraveller traveller = new TimeTraveller("James Cole");

Page<TimeTraveller> page = new PageImpl<>(Collections.singletonList(traveller));

given(projectService.getTimeTravellers(any())).willReturn(page);

mvc.perform(get(apiPath)

.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))

.andExpect(status().isOk())

.andExpect(jsonPath("$.content[0].name", is(traveller.getName())));

}

…

After you had the time traveller created in your API, the Postman output for http://localhost:8080/api/timetravellers?page=0&size=5&sort=id,asc will look like this:

{
    "content": [
        {
            "name": "James Cole",
            "id": 1
        }
    ],
    "pageable": {
        "sort": {
            "sorted": true,
            "unsorted": false
        },
        "pageSize": 5,
        "pageNumber": 0,
        "offset": 0,
        "paged": true,
        "unpaged": false
    },
    "last": true,
    "totalElements": 1,
    "totalPages": 1,
    "first": true,
    "sort": {
        "sorted": true,
        "unsorted": false
    },
    "numberOfElements": 1,
    "size": 5,
    "number": 0
}

{

"content": [

{

"name": "James Cole",

"id": 1

}

"pageable": {

"sort": {

"sorted": true,

"unsorted": false

"pageSize": 5,

"pageNumber": 0,

"offset": 0,

"paged": true,

"unpaged": false

"last": true,

"totalElements": 1,

"totalPages": 1,

"first": true,

"sort": {

"sorted": true,

"unsorted": false

"numberOfElements": 1,

"size": 5,

"number": 0

}

Photo by Allef Vinicius on StockSnap

3 thoughts on “How to add pagination to a Spring Boot app”

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Babatunde says:

30th December 2019 at 4:29 am

You have done a great Job. Well done!

satwik thakkar says:

24th November 2022 at 9:06 am

I really liked this article. It solves my problem of creating and passing pagable object.

What we are going to build

Requirements

Enable pagination

Get paginated results

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3 thoughts on “How to add pagination to a Spring Boot app”

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